Window.



N0. 655,33l. Patented Aug. 7, I900.-

0. M. EDWARDS.

WINDOW.

(Application filed June 30, 1893.)

3 Sheets-Shaet l.

(No Model.)

WIT/7551525 5: W1

Patented Aug. 7, I900. 0. M. EDWARDS.

W I N D 0W.

(Application filed June 30, 1893.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

H m F Wzinesses TNE humus PETERS 1:17v PHOTO-H1540 wnsmurn'on. u. a

NITED STATES? PATENT OFFICE.

OLIVER M. EDYVARDS, OF SYRACUSE, NE? YORK.

wmoowj SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 655,331, datedAugust 7, 1900.

Application filed June 30, 1893. Serial. No. 479,312. (No model.)

To (LZZ whom it may concern;

Be it'known that I, OLIVER MCEDWARDS, a citizen of the United States,residing at Syracuse, county of Onondaga, and State of New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Windows, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being hadto the drawings accompanying and forming a part of the same.

My invention relates to devices employed for holding window-sashes indesired positions, releasing thesame, and, under some circumstances,automatically moving the same in one direction when released, and hasfor its object the provision of means simple in construction and easy toattach in place.

My invention consists, first, in the combination, in a window, ofeccentrically-pivoted friction devices secured to a window-sash, with orwithout means for automatically moving or raising the sash, and meansmounted on the sash for operating said devices, and, second, in thecombination, in a window, of a peculiar construction of pivoted frictiondevices with a window sash or frame in such a manner that the attachmentof such devices is open to inspection while being attached to the sashor frame, and my invention also consists in certain other novel anduseful combinations of parts, all of which will be hereinafterfullydescribed, and pointed out in the claims.

Like letters of reference, wherever they occur, indicate correspondingparts in all of the figures.

Figure l is'a front elevation of a window provided with my improvements.Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section on lines 2 2 of Figs. 1 and 3 lookingin the direction of the arrows. Fig. 3 is a cross-section on lines 3 3of Figs. 1 and 2 looking in the direction of the arrows. Fig. 4 is apartial cross-section on line L 4: of Fig. 2 looking in the direction ofthe arrow. Figs. 5 and 6 are partial cross-sections on lines 5 5 and 6 6of Fig. 2, respectively, looking in the direction of the arrows. Figs. 7and 10 are side elevations of modified constructions of the stop devicesshown in Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings. Figs. 8 and 9 are sectionalviews of modified constructions shown in Fig. '7. Fig. 11 is anelevation of the central portion of the construction shown in Fig.

10. Fig. 12 is a longitudinal section of a modified construction of thestop devices shown in Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings, Figs 13 and 14illustrating in frontand side adifferent means for automatically movingthe sash from those shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and also another way ofconnecting the friction devices to the sash. Fig. 15 is a sectional viewon line 15 15 of Fig. let.

In Fig. 1, A is the glass of the upper sash B of the window, and A isthe glass of the lower sash B thereof, D being the frame of the window.The sashes are arranged to slide in the usual manner and are here shownas provided with counterbalanclug-weights C C and C 0, those of thelower sash C 0 being heavy enough to cause it to raise when freed fromrestraint and those of the upper sash O 0 being only sufficiently heavyto prevent the sash dropping too suddenly when released from restraintand also rendering it easier to raise when the windowis to be closed.The sash B moves outside of the sash B when opening. From this it willseen that both sashes move automatically in one direction whenever theyare free to move. I have shown weights and gravity as the power whichautomatically moves the sashes; but it is obvious that spring-rollerslike those shown in Letters Patent No. 421,563, granted to me February18, 1890-cords being substituted for the web shown in that pateutmay beemployed without departing from the substance of my invention.

Referring to the several figures, it will be observed that the usualstops on one side of the lower sash B are provided with movableportions, thus forming movable stops for that side of the sash, and thatthe stops for the upper sash are in the usual condition that is, withoutmovable portions.

The sash B is at each of its opposite edges provided with a movabledevice which is attached directly to such sash througheccentrically-pivoted links, and they are adapted to contact with theusual stops which hold the sash in place. This movable device consistsof a bar E, preferably of wood and of the same kind as the sash, whichis preferably secured to the sash by pivoted links e e, the pivots ofwhich are arranged when the sash moves downward to open, with the pivotsof the ends of the links which are attached to the movable bar E beyondthe pivots of the other ends which are secured to the sash when viewedfrom the direction in which the sash moves when opening, as seen inFigs. 2 and 12. This manner of arranging themovable bar or frictiondevice E relatively to the sash and its direct attachment theretoinsures not only a positive and unyielding attachment for one end ofeach link to the sash, but also permits of the attachment of the same,with the movable barE and links 6 e,to the sash,wi th such parts in fullView of the workman and in position where he can readily see what he isdoing,as seen in Fig. 14. By reason of this arrangement of parts themovement of the sash B in a direction to open the same causes themovable bar E to move on the pivots of the links away from the portionof the sash to which the links are attached and bear against the stopswith an increasing pressure or wedging action, thereby preventing thesash from moving but a short distance in. the opening direction beforethe wedging action of the movable bar completely arrests movement inthis direction, thus lockin g the sash against opening until releasedfrom the control of the movable bar E. This movable friction device, ifany portion of it is of wood, is preferably provided with a bar of metalG, which is rigidly attached thereto, and it affords a means ofattaching the pivots for one end of each of the linkseeto such frictiondevice E. A second metal bar F is preferably used for receiving thepivots for the other ends of the links, and it is attached directly tothe sash, thus attaching the movable bar or friction device E, throughthe links e e, to the sash. These bars F G, as shown, are preferablyconnected together by the links (2 e, which eccentrically pivot the barstogether, and consequently eccentrically pivot the movable bar orfriction device to the sash. If this movable device is composed Whollyof metal, then the bar G may be dispensed with and the bar E connecteddirectly to the bar F by the links e e. In Figs. 2, 5, and 6 these barsF G are arranged between the edge of the sash and the bar E, as seen inFig. 16, and another bar H, preferably of wood of the same kind as thatof the sash, is arranged over the connection of the links with the sash,so that the bar H forms a coveringpiece for this portion of the stopdevice and at the same time also forms an extension or finish for theedge of the sash; but it is obvious that the bars F G might be 011 theopposite sides of E H, as seen in Fig. 16, if desired, in which case thebar H might be integral with the sash. A spring I, connected to thesash, bears against the bar or movable friction deviceE in a directionto move it eccentrically from the bar F and against the window-stops.The movable bar or friction device E does not extend to quite the entireheight of the sash, thus leaving a space for it to move in both adownward and upward vices.

direction as the links turn on their pivots and move the device E.

The movable bars or friction devices E at each edge of the sash arepreferably connected together so as to move simultaneously by arock-shaft J, mounted on the sash and provided with rock-armsjj at eachend, one for each bar E, and with an arm j, by means of which the shaftis rocked to move the bars E against the stress of the springs I torelease the sash from the control of the friction de- If the rock-shaftJis at an inconvenient distance, a cord X may be attached to the arm j,by means of which it can be operated, thus forming operative means.

As the rock-shaft J is mounted on the sash, a continuing pressurethereon after the movable bars orfriction devices E are movedsufficiently to release the sash from their holding action will causethe sash B to move in one direction, which is, as shown, the openingdirection,if the automatic means shown in Figs. 13 and 14 be used, andsuch movement of the sash will be opposed to the moving action of suchautomatic means.

Instead of the rock-shaft J and its arms other operating means may beemployed, if desired, to move the bars E against the stress of thesprings I-such, for instance, as shown in Fig. 12, where each upper link6 is provided with an extension 6', which extends outside of the sashand by which the. bars E can be operated by the hands of the operator.If desired, a cord X may be used with this connection.

The sash B is of the ordinary character, and it is provided with stopdevices K K, one at each of its opposite edges, as shown in Figs. 1, 2,3, and 4, by means of which the sash is held in the desired position,

The stop devices K K are preferably com posed of two portions, which areseparately attached to the window frame or casing of the structure. Oneof these portions consists of the working parts of the stops and theother portion consists of a covering for the first portion, whichcovering is preferably of the'same kind of wood as the sash and trim ofthe structure. The stop devices, like the movable devices of sash B,consist of bars L, preferably of wood and of the same character as thatof the sash and other trim of the structure, which are preferablysecured to the window-frame by pivoted links Z Z, the pivots of whichare arranged, when the sash moves upward to open, with the pivots of theends of the links which are attached to the movable bars L beyond thepivots of the other ends, which are attached to the window-frame whenviewed from the direction in which the sash moves when closing, as seenin Figs. 2, 7, and 10. By reason of this arrangement of parts themovement of the sash Bin a direction to open the same causes the movablebars L to move on the pivots of the links away from the portion of thewindow-frame to which the links are secured and bear against the sashwith an increasing pressure, thereby preventing the sash from moving buta short distance in the opening direction before the wedging action ofthe movable bars completely arrests movement in this direction, thuslocking the sash against opening until released from the control of themovable bars L. When the movable bar L is composed partly of wood, it ispreferably provided with a bar of metal N, which affords a means ofattaching the pivots for one end of each of the links Z Z to bar L. Asecond bar M, preferably of metal, serves as a means for receiving thepivots for the opposite ends of links Z Z and securing them to thewindow-frame, the bar M being rigidly attached to such frame. As shown,the bars N and M are eccentrically pivoted together bylinks Z Z, whichis the preferred way of connecting the movable bar L to the bar M. Aspring 0 is preferably attached to bar M, so as to bear against the barN and force the barL against the sash.

The bar M and movable bar L, with the links Z Zand spring 0 justdescribed, and the bar F and movable bar or friction device E, with thelinks e e and spring I, I term the working portion or parts of the stopdevices herein shown and described, because they form that portion whichserves to hold the sash in the desired positions and which is moved tofree the sash for movement. Also they form the portions which are to beattached in place before the other or finishing portion is applied, ifsuch portion be used. This stop device as a whole is designated in Figs.1 to 4 as K, and as thus designated it is composed of the portion justtermed the working portion, and the wood covering or finishing portiondesignated as Zr, and in Figs. 7 to 9 as K, being there composed ofcorresponding portions. In Figs. 2, 3, 5, 6, and 12 this stop device iscomposed of the working portion (composed of bars F E, links e e, andspring I) and the bar H when such bar is not made integral with thesash, as shown in Fig. 16. This construction and arrangement of theparts composing the working portion of these stop devices make a verystrong, durable, compact, and easily-applied device and one which isreadily manufactured in quantities at the factory, the parts being allconnected together into a single device in its construction, so that itcan be shipped to the 'customer without derangement and applied withinfull view of the workman in a most convenient manner, each moving partbeing exposed and open to inspection by the workman, who is therebyenabled to adjust such working portion to the sash or frame, so that themovable friction devices E or L bear equally on the sash or stop-bead ofthe frame, as the case may be. Also this working portion of the stopdevice is more securely attached to the sash or frame than was the casewith any other known construction and arrangement ofeccentrically-pivoted friction devices.

Each of the lowermost links Z is preferably provided with an extensionZ, which in turn is preferably provided with a knob Z or other means bywhich it can be readily moved by the hand of the operator. shown asextending through exterior portion k of the stop devices K, which isprovided with a slot is of suitable shape to allow the knob to move backand forth as the link Zand its extension Z turn on the pivot whichsecures them to the window-frame. The end of this slot is farthest fromthe sash B is preferably made of a larger size than the rest of theslot, so as to readily admit of the knob passing through it when theexterior portion it of the stop devices are to be placed in positionafter the other portion of such stops are adjusted and secured in place.This construction and arrangement of the link Z, extension Z, and knob Zmakes a very compact,

strong, durable, and simple device or operat-' ing means for operatingthe movable bar L, and the knob is within the space occupied by thewindow-frame, so that it is out of the way and not liable to be hit andmoved unintentionally. Only one spring 0 is shown in these figures; butit is obvious that more than one may be used, as in Fig. 10, and alsothat other forms of spring or springs maybe employed, if desired, in theplace of the single one.

The operation in opening and closing the sashes is as follows: To openthe sash B when arranged as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, apply force tothe cord X sufficient to overcome the stress of the springs I, whichwill move the bars E downwardly and inwardly, which in turn releases thesash B from the pressure of the movable friction devices, when gravity,if means for automatically raising the sash, such as seen in Figs. 13and 14, are not employed, causes the sash to fall to the desired extent,whereupon the cord is released, the bars E reversing their movementunder the stress of the springs 1, and the sash is held in such desiredposition. To close the sash B, apply force and move it in a closingdirection, which will cause the bars E to move as when the sash wasopened, and thus permit it to move freely, the cord X being operatedornot, as desired. If means for automatically raising the sash, as seenin Figs. 13 and 14:, be used, then a continued application of force tothe cord X will cause the sash to move downward-in the opening directionto oppose the force exerted by such means until the sash has reached thedesired position, whereupon the cord is released, and the movable barsor friction devices hold the sash in such position until force isapplied to close it. To open the sash B, apply force to each of theknobs Z sufficient to overcome the stress of the springs O, which willmove the bars L downwardly and outwardly, which in turn will release thesash B from the pressure of the stop devices, when the weights 0 C overcome the weight of the sash and cause it to be lifted to-open it to thedesired extent, whereupon the knobs Z are released, the bars The knob Zis.

L reversing their movement under the stress of the springs O, and thesash is held in such desired position. To close the sash B, apply forceand move it in a downward or closing direction, which will cause thebarsL to move as when the sash was opened, and thus permit it to movefreely, the knobs Z being operated or not, as desired.

Other forms and arrangements of bars,links, and springs can be employed,if desired, without departing from the substance of my inventionsuch,for instance, as those shown in Figs. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12. In Fig.12 the form and arrangement of the bars, links, and springs of themovable device there shown are precisely the same as those shown inFigs. 1, 2, and 3, except that the uppermost links 6 of those figuresare provided with extensions e, which extend outside of the sash, so asto be readily accessible to the hands of the operator, in which case therock-shaft Jis' dispensed with and the movable friction devices upon thesash B are operated in the same manner as the movable bars L of sash Bare operated.

In Figs. 7, 8, and 9 the stop device K there shown is substantially thesame in construction and operation as those shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3,except that the bearing-surface of the movable bar or friction device Lis beveled, as shown. The bar N is attached to the movable bar L, whichis eccentrically pivoted by links tothe bar M, which may in turn besecured rigidly to the window frame or sash, as desired.

In Figs. 10 and 11 the stop device there shown is substantially the samein construction and operation as in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, except -that thebars M N are connected together by a single link Z and two springs 0instead of by two links and a single spring, as is the case in thosefigures. The link Z is provided with an extension Z and knob Z whichoperate to move the movable bars N L the same as the corresponding partsare moved in Figs. 1, 2, and 3.

In Figs. 13, 14, and 15 the stop devices are substantially the same asthose seen in other figures, except that the bars F G are dispensed withand the friction device E is composed wholly of metal.

I have herein shown and described the 1novable friction devices,consisting of two bars eccentricall y pivoted together by one or morelinks, as attached to the sash B and also to the frame D in connectionwith a window in which there are two sashesone outside of the other-wheneither sash is opened; but it is manifest that such stop devices can beused in windows where only one sash is employed, if so desired, withoutdeparting from the substance of my invention.

Other constructions of stop devices may be substituted for those shownherein and have such substituted devices perform all of the functions ofthe forms shown in substantially 4 Easiest the same way in thecombinations hereinafter pointed out.

Each of the forms of stop devices herein shown and described serves tohold the sashes against their abutting stops, thereby preventing dustentering around the sashes and at the same time preventing the sashesfrom rattling or making a noise and also permitting them to move withthe utmost freedom whenever it is desired to have them move, as inopening and closing the same, thus forming a dust-proof and antirattlingwindow.

What I claim as new is 1. The combination in a window, substan tially asset forth, of a sash, a guideway in which the sash may move, two movablefric tion devices eccentrically pivoted to opposite edges of the sash,the movements of which on their pivots tend to wedge and unwedge thesash in its guideway, a spring or springs arranged to engage with thefriction devices, and operating means mounted upon the sash andconnecting the two pivoted friction devices together, whereby the sashis held in the desired position and the pivoted friction devices aresimultaneously released by force applied to the operating means.

'2. The combination in a window, substantially as set forth, of a sash,a guideway in which the sash may move, two movable friction deviceseccentrically pivoted to opposite edges of the sash the movements ofwhich on their pivots tend to wedge and unwedge the sash in itsguideway, a spring or springs arranged to engage with the frictiondevices, means for automatically moving the sash, and operating meansmounted on the sash, wherebythe sash is held in the desired position andthe sash is automatically moved in one direction.

3. The combination in a window, substantially as set forth, of a sash, aguideway in which the sash may move, two movable friction deviceseccentrically pivoted to opposite edges of the sash, the movements ofwhich on their pivots tend to wedge and unwedge the sash in itsguideway, a spring or springs arranged to engage with the frictiondevices, means for automatically moving the sash, and means mounted onthe sash and connected to the friction devices and arranged to releasethe sash by moving with it in the direction the sash moves when opposedby the moving action of the automatic means, whereby the sash is held inthe desired position and is released and moved by continued applicationof force to the operating means in opposition to the moving action ofthe automatic means.

4. The combination in a window, substan tially as set forth, of a sash,a guideway in which the sash may slide in opening and closing, and afriction holding device, consisting of two bars eccentrically pivotedtogether by one or more links, one of which bars is adapted to befixedly attached directly to the sash ICC or the frame and the other isadapted to bear against the sash or a portion of its guideway Withoutone bar overlying the other, whereby the friction holding device is securely held in position to wedge and unwedge the sash in its guideway andthe bars and links of such device are open to inspection and adjustmentwhile the device is being properly attached to the sash or the windowframe.

5. The combination in a window, substantially as set forth, of a sash, aguideway in which the sash may slide in opening and closing, and afriction holding device, consisting of two bars eccentrically pivotedtogether by one or more links with one or more springs whose stress ortension tends to move one bar away from the other, and one of such barsis adapted to be fixedly attached directly to the sash or the frame andthe other is adapted to bear against the sash or a portion of itsguideway without one bar overlying the other, whereby the frictionholding device is securely held in position to wedge and unwedgc thesash in its guideway and the bars, links and springs of such device areopen to inspection and adjustment While the device is being properlyattached to the sash or the window-frame.

6. The combination in a friction Windowstop device, substantially as setforth, of a movable part, means by Which such part is secured directlyto the window-sash or its frame, such part and means composing theworking portion of such device, and attachable to the sash or frameindependently of any other portion, and a second portion attachable tothe sash or frame over the workin g portion, whereby the first orworking portion may be applied in proper Working position before thesecond portion is applied, and the latter serves as a cover or finishfor the former.

OLIVER M. EDWARDS,

Witnesses:

A. A. SoHENoK, JOHN E. SWEET.

